英译汉中的动词（ 2 ）--★高难动词★

所谓高难动词，是指我们不太熟悉或者不常使用的动词。碰到这样的动词，我们要沉得住气，通过仔细观察句子特点、认真分析词的构成、反复推敲巨资意思，我们总能找到一些解决问题的办法。

例一： Science moves forward,they say , not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. " In short", a leader of the new school contends , " the scientific revolution, as we call it ,was largely the improvenment and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumenrable directions. " （ 1994 年英译汉真题）分析：动词 contend 使用很少，此处应该取"坚决主张"的意思。根据整个巨资判断，此处应该取"坚决主张"之义。如果不认识此单词，可从后面的银号和直接引语判断出 contend 的意思是"说"，作者没有使用" say "一词，因为前面一句已经使用过了。

例二： How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ,reliablity, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. （ 1995 年英译汉真题）
分析：动词 validated 在当时（ 1995 年）做的话是有一定难度的，因为当时的大纲没有这个词，其次此句子结构非常复杂，有点令人眼花缭乱。但是冷静分析之后，我们发现 validate 是主语从句的谓语动词，它是形容词 valid （有效的）的动词，张我们就可以推断出它表示"使有效"，或者"证明有效"。

例三： During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. （ 1999 年英译汉真题）
分析：注意注意，可不要想 popo 当时做题那样把 augmented 当成 argument 了！ argument 是名词，不可能由被动时态。动词 augmented 是动词与 increase 同义，因为是用较少，所以我们对它非常陌生。但只要把句子的其他部分理解透了，最后再补充这个词的词义是有可能的。我们可以看看它的例子：
1 augmented one's imcome
2 augment one's power
3 The impact of the report was augmented by its timing.

英译汉中的动词（ 3 ）--★容易混淆的动词★

例一： Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves. （ 1999 年英译汉真题）
分析： arisen （产生，出现）很容易和 rise 弄混了，被翻译成了"增加，上升"，这两个词的区别不用死记，我们只要冷静地把 arisen 放回到句中的语境中分析，就不会犯这个错误了。

例二： Tylor defined culture as "... that complex whole which includes belief , art,morals ,law,custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. " （ 1999 年英译汉真题）
分析：你有没有把 acquire （ 获得）译成了"要求"？显然是把 acquire 和 require 弄混了哦，老话重提，语境，当然还有就是平时的积累了。

练习：
1 请下面的句子翻译成中文。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ,reliablity, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. （1995 年英译汉真题）

2 请下面的句子翻译成中文。
If the small hot spots look as expected ， that will be a triumphfor yet another scientific idea ， a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory （1998 年英译汉真题）

3 请下面的句子翻译成中文。
During this transfer, traditional historical methods wereaugmentedby additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. （ 1999 年英译汉真题）