Passage 3 
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: 

In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. 
In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor’s degree. 
Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. 
One type of test is sometimes called an “objective” test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly. 

11. In the Middle Ages students _________ 
A. took objective tests B. specialized in one subject 
C. were timed by electric clocks D. never wrote exams 
12. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _________ 
A. workers now take examinations 
B. the population has grown 
C. there are only written exams 
D. examinations are now written and timed 
13.The kind of exams where students must select answers are _________ 
A. personal B. spoken 
C. objective D. written 
14. Modern industry must have developed ________ 
A. before the Middle Ages B. around the 19th century 
C. in Greece or Rome D. machines to take tests 
15. It may be concluded that testing _________ 
A. should test only opinions 
B. Should always be written 
C. has changed since the Middle Ages 
D. is given only in factories 

Passage 4 
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: 

The market investigation is indispensable to sales promotion. They are as closely related as the lips and teeth, so to speak. What you produce is for sale on the market. It would he impossible to succeed in selling a product without first investigating the market. 
In the international market, goods on sale coming from countries and suppliers are always facing keen competition. Under such circumstances, they will try everything possible to familiarize themselves with the market conditions. In making investigations, we ought to get information about what similar items the competitors are offering on the market, what prices they are quoting (报价), what features their products have, who are their regular customers, etc. Then, how can we obtain such information? There are many channels that we can make use of in doing this sort of work. The commercial counselor’s offices of our embassies stationed abroad can help us in making market investigations. Nowadays, our import and export corporations send their trade groups abroad every now and then. One of their purposes is to make market surveys on the spot. 
Certainly, face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen are also important channels to get market information. The Chinese Export Commodities Fairs and some other fairs of similar nature as well as visits of foreign businessmen provide’ us with such opportunities. Of course, there are some other ways of making market investigations. 

16. In making market investigation, one should _______. 
A. get enough information concerned 
B. advertise his products 
C. produce high quality goods 
D. none of the above 
17. The word “indispensable” in the first line means _________. 
A. impossible B. essential 
C. advisable D. available 
18. Which of the following statements is not true? 
A. The relationship between market investigation and sales promotion is just as that of the lips and teeth. 
B. It is impossible to succeed in selling a product without market Investigation. 
C. There are various ways of making market investigation. 
D. Production goes before market investigation. 
19. Making market investigation is very important because ________. 
A. in market, goods on sale are numerous 
B. every producer is facing keen competition 
C. it can greatly promote sales 
D. all of the above 
20. All the following are channels to get market information except________. 
A. to have commercial counsellor’s office of our embassies stationed abroad 
B. to promote the quality of our own products  
C. to send trade groups abroad every now and then 
D. to have face-to-face talks with foreign businessmen  转贴于：大学英语三级考试_考试大

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