Section B
　　Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One
　　Stress comes in all shapes and sizes and it’s hard to get through a day without hearing or reading something about stress. Some doctors refer to stress as some kind of new plague. However, numerous surveys confirm that the problem has been progressively serious since the 1980s. Stress is an unavoidable consequence of life. Without stress, there could be no life. However, just as distress can cause disease, there are good stresses that offset this, and promote wellness. Increased stress results in increased productivity – up to a point. However, this level differs for each of us. We all need to find the proper level of stress that promotes optimal performance. Good health is more than just the absence of illness. Rather, it is a very robust state of physical and emotional well being that acknowledges the importance and inseparability of mind and body relationships. Later, in the next program, I hope you will join me in the pursuit of learning how to harness stress, so that it can work for you and make you more productive.

　　Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　26. What aspect of stress is the talk mainly about?
　　27. How can we deal with stress according to the doctor?
　　28. What will the doctor do in the next program?

　　Passage Two
　　Many people think that sitting is easier on their backs than standing or lifting. Not true. People whose jobs require them to sit for long periods of time suffer as much from back pain as people who lift all day long. Many world-class researchers believe that the huge increase in back pain over the past couple of decades – and it is huge – has a lot to do with the fact that more and more of us are spending our work days in chairs. A lot of people have the notion that, if their back pain gets bad enough, they can always resort to surgery. Nothing could be further from the truth. The amount of pain someone has has very little to do with whether or not he or she would benefit from surgery. One British researcher has estimated that for every 10,000 people who experience back pain, only four need surgery. Not very many years ago, back pain patients were routinely put to bed, sometimes for weeks or months. No longer. Two or three days of bed-rest is now the norm. After that, people are advised to return to their normal activities, gradually if necessary. The reasons for the 180°shift are interesting. For starters, if you stay in bed, your muscle strength can decline by as much as three percent a day.

　　Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　29. What misunderstanding about back pain do people hold in the beginning?
　　30. What role does surgery play in curing back pain?
　　31. Why don’t back pain patients get put to bed for more than two or three days?

　　Passage Three
　　No one knows who made the first ice cream. Some people think that water ices and milk ices may have been made by the Chinese between three thousand and four thousand years ago. In time, the dish reached India. The Indians, in turn, may have passed on the secret to the Arabs and the Persians. The Persians called their dish sharbat, from which our word sherbet comes. Marco Polo, an Italian who traveled widely in the thirteenth century, noted that he found the Chinese had long been making ices out of fruit juices and milk. From the fourteenth century on, ices became popular, first in Venice and then throughout Italy. In 1533, when Catherine de Medici left Italy to marry the future Kind Henry Ⅱof France, she took her cooks with her. They made desserts the French had never tasted before. Among them was “ice cream”. For each day of the wedding festivities Catherine’s cooks prepared a different flavor of her favorite dessert - “ice cream”. At first ice cream was a luxury in France. Only rich people had the money to buy it. Then, in 1660, a young man from Sicily, Francisco Procopio, arrived in Paris. He opened a shop that sold ice cream at prices people could afford. Procopio’s “ice cream parlor” became so popular that other shops were opened. About 1640, King CharlesⅠintroduced ice cream to England. He had heard it was the rage in Italy and France. He served ice cream for dessert at a banquet. The surprise dish was a great success. The king ordered his cook to keep the recipe for ice cream a secret. Charles felt that only royalty should be served the dessert. But the secret soon leaked out. Ice cream quickly became the rage in England too.

　　Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
　　32. What is the passage mainly about?
　　33. According to the passage, who made the first ice cream?
　　34. When did ice cream become popular in Italy?
　　35. Why did Charles order his cook to keep the recipe for ice cream a secret?

　　Section C
　　Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
　　The Romans built great “aqueducts” to carry fresh water from the mountains to the cities. Many of these aqueducts are still standing today. The Roman (36) Emperors even set up a (37) government health service. They built the first great public hospitals in Europe, and they paid doctors to look after poor people.
　　When the Roman Empire fell to pieces, these (38) civilized methods of treatment (39) disappeared from most of Europe, for more than a thousand years. People went back to the old ways. They lived in dirty conditions, which helped to cause diseases; and they asked God to cure the (40) diseases. They shut up (41) mentally sick people in prisons. Or they burnt them alive because they were supposed to have (42) magic powers. But the work of the Greek and Roman doctors was not lost.
　　Over a thousand years ago, the Arabs moved into many of the (43) Mediterranean countries. They took big parts of the old Roman lands. (44) They translated the Greek and Roman medical books into Arabic. Arab doctors themselves made many new discoveries.
　　(45) When civilization at last came back to Europe, men once again translated the Greek and Roman works on medicine into Latin. Slowly, European doctors discovered again the things that the Greeks and Romans had known so long ago. (46) Slowly, they began to make new discoveries and found out more about the way the body works.

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