due,due to,owing to,certain,sure,bound,confidentdue用于指时间,和动词不定式连用: The race is due to start in ten minutes.
还有十分钟赛马就该开始了。
但due也可以单独使用:
来源:考试大 The plane was due(in)at six.It is an hour overdue.
飞机应该是6点到,现在已误点一小时了。
due to(介词)意为“是……的结果”,“由于……”:
The accident was due to carelessness.
这起车祸是由粗心造成的。
来源:www.examda.com owing to意为“由于……”,“因为……”:
Owing to his carelessness we had an accident.
由于他的粗心大意,我们出了车祸。
due to必须置于主语+动词之后,但英国人常常粗心大意地在句首应该使用owing to时错用了due to。
certain和sure与动词不定式连用,表达说话人的判断。bound也可用在此处:
Tom is certain/sure/bound to win.
汤姆肯定会赢。(说话人对此很有把握。)
但是主语+certain/sure+that从句结构则表达主语的判断:Tom is sure that he will win.
汤姆确信他能获胜。(汤姆对于获胜有十分把握。)
confident that如上面所说可代替certain/sure that,但confi-dent不能放在动词不定式之前。
sure,certain,confident均可放在of+名词/代词或动名词之前:Unless you’re early you can’t be sure of getting a seat.除非你早去,否则你不会有座位的。
bound后面可跟动词不定式,但不能跟that从句。
bound+动词不定式也有“有义务做”的意思:
According to the contract we are bound to supply the materials.
按照合同我们必须提供材料。
考试大(www.Examda。com) afraid(of),ashamed(of),sorry(for/about)
afraid of,ashamed of,sorry for/about+名词/代名词或动名词的例子如:
She is afraid of heights/of falling.
她怕登高/摔下来。
来源:www.examda.com He was ashamed of himself(for behaving so badly)/ashamed of behavingso badly.
他为自己的无礼行为感到羞愧。
I’m sorry for breaking your window.
对不起,我打碎了你的窗户。(道歉)
I’m sorry about your window.
关于你的窗户的事我很抱歉。(道歉/懊悔)
I’m sorry for Peter.
http://ks.examda.com 我为彼得感到遗憾。(遗憾)
afraid,ashamed,sorry均可位于动词不定式之前:
She was afraid to speak.
她怕开口说话。(她没说话。)
I’d be ashamed to take his money.
我不好意思拿他的钱。(我没拿钱。)
I’m sorry to say that we have no news.
我很抱歉地告诉你,我们没得到消息。
或位于that从句之前:
I’m ashamed that I’ve nothing better to offer you.
我很不好意思,我没有更好的东西送给你。
She’s afraid(that)he won’t believe her.
她怕他不信任她。(担心)
I’m afraid(that)we have no news.
恐怕没有消息。(懊悔)
I’m sorry(that)you can’t come.
真遗憾,你来不了。
来源:考试大 (关于这三种结构意思上的区别,参见第271节。关于I’mafraid not/so,参见第347节。)
anxious(about),anxious+动词不定式,anxious thatanxious(+about+名词/代名词)意为“焦虑”: I’m anxious(about Tom).His plane is overdue.
我很(为汤姆)着急。他乘的飞机误点了。
be anxious(+for+名词/代名词)+动词不定式意为“急欲/希望”:
I’m very anxious(for him)to see the Carnival.
我非常希望(他)去看狂欢节。
anxious+that…+should结构可用于非常正式的英语中:
The committee is anxious that this matter should be kept secret.
委员会切望这件事保密。
来源:考试大-托福考试责编:lq 纠错
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