近几年的英语写作基础试卷在考查内容和试题类型上改动不大,保持了命题的连贯性。考查内容包括三大部分:句子的组成、段落的写作、应用文写作。题型有重写句子、改写病句、识别主题句、重新组合段落、识别与段落内容无关的句子、写信六种。本文将按题型顺序对二OOO年试题的考核知识点与解题思路进行分析和探讨,同时,也将对考生答题中的典型错误作一剖析,希望能有益于准备参加今年考试的同学。
前两讲,我们讨论了"句子的组成"部分考核知识点与解题思路,下面我们将研究"段落的写作"方面的内容。
第三大题 标出主题句(本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分)
一, 考核知识点:考查对主题句(topic sentence)特征的掌握以及识别主题句的能力。
●试题:
16. Choose the best topic sentence from the group below. Write the letter of the choice in the blank.
[A] Temperatures in the western hemisphere have stayed the same in the past century.
[B] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are being studied by scientists.
[C] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are gradually warming.
[D] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are being changed.
●答案:
16. [C] Temperatures in the western hemisphere are gradually warming.
●解题关键:
(1) 了解主题句(topic sentence)的特征:主题句(topic sentence)是一个段落中最重要的句子,它的作用是概括一个段落的中心意思,所以往往是表示一般概念的句子。范围太大或太小,都会使作者无法展开段落,必须通过某些限制性词语将内容范围限制到一定程度,因此主题句应包括主题和限制性词语。从语义层次分析,主题句是一个概括性的语句(general statement),它必须包涵段落要谈论的主体(subject)和这个主体的某一所谈论的方面(controlling idea),即Topic sentence=Subject+Contrlling idea。
(2) 比较16题中的四句,看哪一句既有一定的概括性,又能留出一定的展开余地。
(3) [C]句符合上述的条件,其中Temperatures in the western hemisphere是subject; are gradually warming是controlling idea,有待推展和细节支持。
(4) 其余三句虽也符合主题句"Topic sentence=Subject+Contrlling idea"的特征,但[A]句中have stayed the same in the past century是静态的描述,不利于推展;[B]句中are being studied by scientists意义笼统,缺乏探讨的价值;[D]句中被动语态are being changed的使用使句义不够明晰,令人费解。
二, 考核知识点:考查在段落中寻找主题句(topic sentence)的能力。
●试题:
17. Read the following paragraph and underline the topic sentence.
I don’t like algebra this semester, and I’m not too found of history. But I’m enjoying my racquetball class a lot. I’m getting a lot of exercise, and I’m also enjoying the game. We usually play partners and compete in small tournaments within the class. The competition is fun, and playing partners keeps it relaxed. I also have found that I have some ability in racquetball that I haven’t had in other sports. I may sign up for intermediate racquetball next semester.
●答案:
17. Topic sentence: I’m enjoying my racquetball class a lot.
【责编:yunyun 纠错】
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